3.2
Functional Groups
Organic nomenclature, isomerism, and analytical spectroscopy.
SL & HL CORE
3.2.1 Types of Formulas
Empirical, molecular, structural, and skeletal.
→3.2.2 Functional Groups
Master table of all IB functional groups.
→3.2.3 Homologous Series
General formulas and gradation of properties.
→3.2.4 Physical Properties
Chain length, branching, and solubility trends.
→3.2.5 IUPAC Nomenclature
Naming system: prefix, stem, suffix, priority.
→HL EXTENSION
3.2.6 Structural Isomers
Chain, positional, and functional group isomerism.
→3.2.7 Stereoisomers
Cis-trans isomerism and optical isomerism.
→3.2.8 Mass Spectrometry
IHD and fragmentation pattern analysis.
→3.2.9 Infrared Spectroscopy
Key IR absorptions for functional groups.
→3.2.10 ¹H NMR Basics
Chemical environments and integration.
→3.2.11 NMR Splitting Patterns
The n+1 rule and Pascal's triangle.
→3.2.12 Structural Analysis
Combining MS, IR, and NMR to solve structures.
→