IB ChemistryStructure 33.23.2.10
HL

Proton NMR: The Basics

Analyzing the magnetic resonance of Hydrogen nuclei.

1. Number of Signals

Each signal represents a unique Chemical Environment. Protons in equivalent (symmetrical) positions give the same signal.

Ethanol (\(CH_3CH_2OH\))

3 Signals: \(CH_3\), \(CH_2\), \(OH\)

Propane (\(CH_3CH_2CH_3\))

2 Signals: The two \(CH_3\) groups are symmetrical.

2. Integration Traces

The area under the peak (integration) is proportional to the number of protons in that environment.

A ratio of 3:2 suggests an Ethyl Group (\(CH_3-CH_2-\)).