3.3.10
Aromatic Chemistry
Course revision notes and study resources.
Structure of Benzene
Compare Kekulé's structure of benzene with the modern delocalised model. Understand key physical and thermodynamic evidence, including C-C bond lengths, reactivity, and enthalpy of hydrogenation.
→Electrophilic Substitution
Master the mechanisms of electrophilic substitution in benzene, focusing on nitration and Friedel-Crafts acylation. Learn the reagents, conditions, and catalysts required.
→Directing Effects
Explore how existing substituents on a benzene ring activate or deactivate the system, directing further electrophilic substitutions to the 2-, 3-, or 4-positions.
→Exam Practice
MCQs and structured questions with AQA mark scheme answers.
→Flashcards
Review key definitions and concepts with interactive flashcards.