2.2.13
HL
ONLY
Expanded Octet & Hybridization
Geometries for 5 and 6 electron domains.
5 Electron Domains
| Lone Pairs | Geometry | Angles | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Trigonal Bipyramidal | 90°, 120°, 180° | PCl₅ |
| 1 | See-saw | 90°, 120°, 180° | SF₄ |
| 2 | T-shaped | 90°, 180° | ClF₃ |
| 3 | Linear | 180° | I₃⁻ |
6 Electron Domains
| Lone Pairs | Geometry | Angles | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Octahedral | 90°, 180° | SF₆ |
| 1 | Square Pyramidal | 90°, 180° | BrF₅ |
| 2 | Square Planar | 90°, 180° | XeF₄ |
Why can Period 3+ elements expand?
Atoms in Period 3 and beyond have empty d-orbitals available. These can participate in bonding, allowing more than 8 electrons around the central atom.