The Ideal Gas Law works perfectly for "Ideal Gases". But what is an Ideal Gas?
1. Negligible Volume
The particles take up ~0 space compared to the huge empty space between them.
2. No Forces
Particles do not attract or repel each other. Collisions with walls are perfectly elastic.
When does this fail?
Real gases occupy space and have attractions.
- High Pressure: Particles are squashed together → Volume becomes significant.
- Low Temperature: Particles move slowly → Attraction becomes significant (leading to condensation).